Effect of Wenjing Tongluo Decoction on VEGF/VEGFR2/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in Mice with Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of Wenjing Tongluo decoction （WTD） in alleviating articular cartilage defect in knee osteoarthritis （KOA） and delaying joint degeneration. Method:The KOA model was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection （ACLT）. Mice were classified into sham-operated group， model group， WTD high-dose and low-dose groups， and positive control group. Four weeks after modeling， WTD groups and the positive control group were given WTD （80， 20 g·kg^-1） and glucosamine sulfate capsules （0.29 g·kg^-1）， respectively， and the sham-operated group and model group received normal saline of the equivalent volume. After continuous intervention for 4 weeks， hemoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of cartilage and Mankin scoring system was employed to score the knee cartilage. Western blot was combined with Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） to detect the protein and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor <italic>α</italic> （VEGFA）， vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 （ADAMTS4）. Result:The Mankin score in the model group increased as compared with that in the sham-operated group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， administration groups demonstrated alleviated articular cartilage defect and low Mankin score （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， but there was no statistical significance in Mankin score between the WTD groups and positive control group. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGFA， VEGFR2， ERK1/2， and ADAMTS4 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression of VEGFA and ERK1/2 was inhibited in each administration group as compared with that in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the inhibition in the positive control group was stronger than that in the WTD low-dose group （<italic>P</italic><0.05） but weaker than that in the WTD high-dose group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Glucosamine Sulfate capsules suppressed the expression of VEGFR2 and ADAMTS4 to the extent the same with low-dose WTD but weaker than the high-dose WTD （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:WTD can relieve the articular cartilage injury in KOA mice， and the mechanism may be related to VEGF/VEGFR2/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Comparison of 127° small and 135° large stem angle prostheses in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty(THA) with the prosthesis of 127° small neck stem angle and 135° large neck stem angle.@*METHODS@#From January 2014 to June 2016, 84 patients with THA were selected, including 44 males and 40 females, aged 45 to 72(53.4±8.1) years old, 68 patients with necrosis of the femoral head(32 on the left and 36 on the right), 16 patients with serious osteoarthritis of the hip caused by other reasons, and the course of disease was 9 to 36 (24.0±5.5) months. Forty-two patients in each group were evaluated by Harris score, visual analog score(VAS), length measurement of lower limbs, biomechanical evaluation of different angles of the neck stem. The complications and quality of life 24 months after operation were compared.@*RESULTS@#Two patients in each group were lost, the rest were followed up for 30 to 36 (33.0±1.6)months. The Harris score and the length of both lower limbs were measured before and 1, 6, 12, 24 months after operation. The difference of Harris score and the length of both lower limbs in the two groups was significantly improved compared with that before operation(@*CONCLUSION@#THA with large and small neck stem angle prosthesis can better recover the function of hip joint, but large neck stem angle can reduce the degree of postoperative pain and improve the quality of life of patients.

Research progress on the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Summary@#Cisplatin is an anti-tumor drug which is widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Unfortunately, seriousside-effects have affected patients, such as hearing loss. Up to now, there is no clear and effective measure to protect the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the clinical use of cisplatin studies indicated that autophagy may be involved in the whole process of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. In this review, the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy was reviewed. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for further study of cisplatin ototoxicity and intervention of autophagy with autophagy activator or inhibitor.

Effect of Icariin on Damaged Neurons Based on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the effect of icariin on damaged neurons from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in order to explore some mechanisms for repairing damaged neurons. Method::PC12 cells were induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) to differentiate into neurons, and the positive rate of microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expressions was determined by flow cytometry. The experiment was divided into 4 groups, blank control group: PC12 induced differentiation into neuronal cells, solvent control group: PC12 induced differentiation into neurons+ 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thapsigargin group: PC12 induced differentiation into nerves Yuan+ 2 μmol·L-1 thapsigargin, and icariin group: PC12 induced differentiation into neurons+ 2 μmol·L-1 thapsigargin+ 0.1 μmol·L-1 icariin. The proliferation of the cells was detected by using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method, the apoptosis of the cells was detected by flow cytometry, the protein expressions of CCAAT/enhace-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP) and glucoseregulated protein 78(Grp78) were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expressions of CHOP and Grp78 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Result::Compared with the solvent control group, the thapsigargin group inhibited the proliferation of neuron-like PC12 cells induced by NGF, promoted apoptosis, and up-regulated the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the thapsigargin group, the icariin group can alleviate the inhibition of neurotrophic activity by thapsigargin, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and down-regulate the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Icariin can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress by down-regulating the expressions of CHOP and Grp78 and promote the repair of damaged neurons.

Research progress on the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Cisplatin is an anti-tumor drug which is widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Unfortunately, seriousside-effects have affected patients, such as hearing loss. Up to now, there is no clear and effective measure to protect the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the clinical use of cisplatin studies indicated that autophagy may be involved in the whole process of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. In this review, the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy was reviewed. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for further study of cisplatin ototoxicity and intervention of autophagy with autophagy activator or inhibitor.

Efficacy of autologous fat injection to treat patulous Eustachian tube / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of autologous fat injection of eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice in the treatment of Patulous eustachian tube (PET). METHODS We selected 18 patients who had no obvious improvement after medical treatment of PET over 1 months. They were treated with autologous fat injections to narrow the pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tube. The treatment results were documented, including the patient's supervisory feeling and visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS The total effective rate was 83.3％ after 12 months of follow-up (symptoms significantly reduced in 27.8％ of patients and partial improvement is 55.6％), 16.7％ the symptoms remain unchanged, no one worsened. No patients had any complications. CONCLUSION Autologous fat injection of the eustachian tube is a effective and safe treatment for PET with the percentage of significant or partial relief of 83.3％, It is easy to conduct in clinical practice which could potentially serve as an alternative treatment for PET.

Effects of Periplaneta americana extract Ento-A on immune function in immunosuppressed mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of Periplane-ta americana extract Ento-A on the immune function in immunosuppressed mice . Methods Immunosup-pressed mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide in KM mice .To evalu-ate the effects of Ento-A on the immune function in im-munosuppressed mice , neutral red method and MTT assay were used respectively to detect the effects of En-to-A on the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and T cell proliferation rate in mice; with sheep red blood cell as immunogen , the effects of Ento-A on the pro-duction of serum hemolysin were evaluated;peripheral blood was tested and immune organ index calculated . Results Compared with model control group , the high, medium and low doses of Ento-A could improve the expression of serum hemolysin in immunosup-pressed mice ( P<0.01 ) , and increase the spleen in-dex(P<0.01) and thymus index (P>0.05), signifi-cantly increased the content of WBC ( P<0.01 ) , PLT ( P<0.01 ) , HGB ( P<0.01 ) , while the contents of RBC was on the rise , with no significant difference ( P>0.05 ) in peripheral blood , significantly enhanced phagocytic function and T lymphocyte proliferative abil-ity in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.01 ) .Conclu-sion Ento-A can enhance the immune function of im-munosuppressed mice .

Clinical observation of percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and investigate its mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form January 2015 to January 2017, 21 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were treated by percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty, including 8 males and 13 females with an average age of 49.6 years old ranging from 43 to 61 years old. The course of disease was for 1 to 6 months with a median age of 4 months. Three cases were single segment, 9 cases were double segments, 7 cases were three-segment, 2 cases were four-segment. Intervertebral disc pressure, VAS were compared before and after operation. Angular displacement(AD) and horizontal displacement(HD) were measured by image data and in order to evaluate the cervical stability. Modified MacNab criteria was used to assess clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 1 to 12 months with an average of 8.6 months. Preoperative intervertebral disc pressure was (32.0±5.26) cmH2O and immediately after operation was (21.0±7.18) cmH2O, there was statistical significance between before and after operation(=0.003). Preoperative angular displacement and horizontal displacement was (3.85±1.26) ° and (1.23±0.58) mm, six months after operation was (4.18±1.31) ° and (1.69±0.46) mm, respectively. There was no statistical significance before and after operation(>0.05). Preoperative VAS scores were 7.49±0.53, postoperative at 3 days, 3, 6 months were 3.51±0.49, 2.63±0.61, 2.56±0.71, respectively, and postoperative obtained obvious improvement(<0.05). According to modified MacNab criteria, 6 cases obtained excellent results, 7 good, 4 fair 3 poor at 3 days;10 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good, 3 fair, 2 poor at 3 months; 12 cases obtained excellent results, 6 good, 1 fair, 1 poor at 6 months after operation. Postoperative clinical effect at 6 months was better than 3 d, and 3 months(<0.05), and postoperative at 3 months was better than 3 d(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can effectively relieve the pain of neck, shoulder and upper limb and can also relieve some associated symptoms such as headache and dizziness.</p>

Precise minimally invasive surgery of lower lumbar spine / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The fast development of minimally invasive spine surgery in recent years is based on the advance of endoscopic microsurgery techniques, computer science and medical imaging, as well as the growing concerning of medical humanities. The concept of minimally invasive and precise targeting therapy has been penetrating into various areas of surgery, and minimal tissue damage and fewer complications are the new directions of minimally invasive spine surgery. In this article we review some advances in precise spinal surgery including percutaneous lumbar discectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, computer-assisted orthopedic surgery and robot surgery.

Effect of maternal high-fat diet before and during pregnancy on bone growth of neonatal offspring rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism and effect of maternal high-fat diet before and during pregnancy on bone growth of neonatal offspring rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into high-fat diet and control groups (n=20) that were fed with 35% high-fat diet and standard chow, respectively. After 8 weeks, 8 female rats from each group were sacrificed for liver pathological examinations and the other female rats were mated with male rats and fed continuously with 35% high-fat diet and standard chow throughout gestation, respectively. The body lengths (from apex nasi to end of tail) of the offspring rats from both groups were measured within 24 hours after birth. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum insulin-like growth factor (IFG-I) levels. Liver pathological changes were observed under a light microscope. The expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and phosphorylation IRS-1 (Phospho-IRS-1) in tibia and femur samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphorylation MAPK (Phospho-MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation PI3K (Phospho-PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT1) and phosphorylation AKT1 (Phospho-AKT1) in tibia and femur samples were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The offspring rats from the high-fat diet group showed a significant shorter body length compared with those from the control group (P<0.05). The level of serum IGF-I in offspring rats from the high-fat diet group decreased by 20.1% in comparison to those from the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Fatty degeneration was found in livers of both high-fat diet-fed maternal rats and their offspring rats under a light microscope. There were no significant differences in IRS-1 and Phospho-IRS-1 expression in chondrocytes of tibia and femur samples between the offspring rats of the two groups (P>0.05). The protein expression of MAPK in chondrocytes of tibia and femur samples of offspring rats from the high-fat diet group was higher than that from the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of PI3K and AKT1/Phospho-AKT1 between the offspring rats of the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A maternal high-fat diet before and during pregnancy may affect the bone growth of offspring rats in utero, which is possibly associated with the decreased IGF-I level. However, further study on the exact mechanism of IGF-I on the bone growth is needed.</p>

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of telmisartan and amlodipine taking on the morning or at bedtime: ABPM results / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the blood lowering effect of telmisartan and amlodipine taking on the morning or at bedtime in hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 108 individuals with hypertension (grade 2 or above) were randomized to receive telmisartan and amlodipine in one of the following four therapeutic schemes: Group A (26 cases): both medications taken on the morning; Group B (28 cases): both medication taken at bedtime; Group C (27 cases): telmisartan on the morning and amlodipine at bedtime; or Group D (27 cases): amlodipine on the morning and telmisartan at bedtime. ABPM was performed before and after 8 weeks treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BP was significantly reduced in 4 groups and the value of 24 hours SBP/DBP decline for each group after treatment was 29.94/16.32, 31.37/18.35, 29.49/17.30 and 25.80/15.51 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) respectively (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). SI (smooth index) of 24 hours SBP/DBP was 1.79/1.34, 2.07/1.54, 1.70/1.43 and 1.55/1.32 respectively (P > 0.05). The night-time BP decline and the distributive difference of dipper, non-dipper, extreme dipper and reverse dipper pattern were similar among groups at both baseline and after various treatment regimens (all P > 0.05) . Morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) after treatment in group B declined more significantly than other groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Telmisartan/amlodipine administered either on the morning or at bedtime can effectively reduce blood pressure. The efficacy of BP lowering is independent of the drug taking time. There is a trend both in better BP lowering and less BP variability when two medications are administered at bedtime.</p>

Determination and correlation analysis of contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine in necrotic tissue, blood, and urine of patients with diabetic foot / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine and perform a correlation analysis of the contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine in necrotic tissue, blood, and urine of patients with diabetic foot (DF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten patients with severe wet necrotizing DF hospitalized from January 2011 to January 2012 were assigned as group DF, and 10 orthopedic patients with scar but without diabetes or skin ulcer hospitalized in the same period were assigned as control group. Samples of necrotic tissue from feet of patients in group DF and normal tissue from extremities of patients in control group, and samples of blood and 24-hour urine of patients in both groups were collected, and the amount of each sample was 10 mL. Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine were determined with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data got from the determination of blood and urine were processed with t test, and those from necrotic or normal tissue with Wilcoxon rank sum test. The correlation of contents of polyamines between necrotic tissue and blood, blood and urine were processed with simple linear regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine in the necrotic tissue of group DF were (186.1 ± 26.8), (78.553 ± 12.441), (33 ± 10) mg/kg, which were significantly higher than those in normal tissue of control group [(2.2 ± 1.2), (1.168 ± 0.014), 0 mg/kg, with Z values respectively -3.780, -3.781, -4.038, P values all below 0.01]. The content of putrescine in necrotic tissue of group DF was significantly higher than those of cadaverine and histamine (with Z values respectively -3.780, -3.630, P values all below 0.01). (2) Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine in the blood of group DF were (0.075 ± 0.013), (0.022 ± 0.003), (0.052 ± 0.014) mg/L, and they were significantly higher than those in the blood of control group [(0.014 ± 0.009), (0.013 ± 0.003), (0.016 ± 0.008) mg/L, with t values respectively 6.591, 2.207, 3.568, P < 0.05 or P<0.01]. The content of putrescine in the blood of group DF was significantly higher than those of cadaverine and histamine (with t values respectively 13.204, 3.096, P values all below 0.01). (3) Contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine in the urine of group DF were (0.735 ± 0.088), (0.450 ± 0.012), (0.1623 ± 0.0091) mg/L, and only the contents of putrescine and cadaverine were significantly higher than those in the urine of control group [(0.050 ± 0.014), (0.035 ± 0.007) mg/L, with t values respectively 3.270, 4.705, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. The content of putrescine in the urine of group DF was significantly higher than that of cadaverine (t = 6.686, P < 0.01). (4) There were significant and positive correlations in contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine between necrotic tissue and blood in patients of group DF (with r values respectively 0.981, 0.994, 0.821, P values all below 0.01). There were no significant correlations in contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine between blood and urine in patients of group DF (with r values respectively 0.150, 0.239, 0.177, P values all above 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine exist in the necrotic tissue of patients with DF in high concentrations, among which putrescine predominates. These polyamines can be absorbed into the blood through wound and excreted through the urine.</p>

Study on determination of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid in rat plasma and their pharmacokinetics with LC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid in rat plasma and study their pharmacokinetics in rats. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with 4 mL x kg(-1) of Dengzhanxixin injection, respectively. Their drug plasma concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS, with tinidazole as an internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 1.0. The linear concentration ranges of caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were 2-128 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 1) and 3-384 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 7), respectively. The methodological test showed conformance to the requirements. The intraday and inter-day variable coefficients were both less than 10.0%, indicating that both of legitimate precise and accuracy were in conformity with the requirements of biological sample analysis. For caffeic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2beta AUC0-t, and CL were (130.91 +/- 38.77) min, (4.89 +/- 0.96) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.12 +/- 0.02) L x min(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. For chlorogenic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2beta , AUC0-t, and CL were (49.38 +/- 8.85) min, (9.54 +/- 0.95) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.09 +/- 0.003) L x min(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The LC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be so accurate and sensitive that it can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid.

Influence of exogenous putrescine and cadaverine on pro-inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood of rabbits / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of exogenous putrescine and cadaverine on pro-inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood of rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty ordinary adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into saline, necrotic tissue homogenate (NTH), putrescine, and cadaverine groups according to the random number table, with 10 rabbits in each group. Saline, NTH, 10 g/L putrescine, and 10 g/L cadaverine were respectively peritoneally injected into rabbits of corresponding group in the amount of 1 mL/kg. The blood sample in the volume of 2 mL was collected from the central artery of rabbit ears before injection and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60 hours post injection (PIH). Contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in the serum were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with repeated measurement data analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis, and cubic model curve was applied in curve fitting for the contents of inflammatory factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The serum contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 were increased in NTH, putrescine, and cadaverine groups in different degrees at most post injection time points. There was no significant change in the concentrations of the three pro-inflammatory factors in saline group, and they were significantly lower than those of the other three groups at most post injection time points (with F values from 3.49 to 13.58, P values all below 0.05). The serum contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group began to increase at PIH 2, 6, and 6, which was similar to the trend of NTH group, but the changes were delayed compared with those of cadaverine group(all at PIH 2). The peak values of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group were respectively (339 ± 36), (518 ± 44), and (265.9 ± 33.5) pg/mL, which were significantly lower than those of cadaverine group [ (476 ± 86), (539 ± 22), and (309.4 ± 27.1) pg/mL], with F values respectively 5.11, 1.90, and 5.56, P values all below 0.05. (2) The period of time in which contents of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 began to increase (PIH 3-4) and the peaking time of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIH 18-30) in putrescine group appeared later than those of cadaverine group (PIH 2 and 12-30). The duration of peaking time of the three pro-inflammatory cytokines in putrescine group was shorter than that of cadaverine group (PIH 18-30 vs. PIH 12-30). The increasing period and the duration of peaking time of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in putrescine group were close to those of NTH group (PIH 3-5 and 18-30). The correlation coefficient test analysis showed that the trends of changes in contents of three pro-inflammatory cytokines in putrescine group were significantly correlated with those of NTH group (r(TNF-α) = 0.933, P < 0.01; r(IL-1) = 0.967, P < 0.01; r(IL-6) = 0.950, P < 0.01). The obvious correlation between cadaverine group and NTH group was only found in the contents of IL-1 and IL-6 (r(IL-1) = 0.913, P < 0.01; r(IL-6) = 0.883, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both exogenous putrescine and cadaverine can cause inflammatory reaction in rabbits. The trend of the inflammatory reaction induced by putrescine was similar with that by NTH, suggesting that putrescine may play a leading role in the inflammatory reaction induced by necrotic tissue decomposition.</p>

Hemostatic function of novel absorbable crosslinked microporous hemostatic starch / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To prepare an absorbable crosslinked micro orous hemostatic starch (ACMHS), to observe its hemostasis effect in the liver, ki dney and femoral artery, and to discuss the hemostasis mechanism. Methods Thirty adult healthy New Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2,000-2,250 g, were equally randomized into 3 groups: liver bleeding group (group A), kidney bleeding group (group B) and femoral artery bleeding group (group C). Each group was further divided into a test group and a control group randomly (n=5) according to different hemostatic powders, ACMHS was used in the test group(group Al, Bl, CI), and Arista™ was used in the control group (group A2, B2, C2). The bleeding amount and bleeding time were accurately recorded. The pathological changes at incision and in the surrounding tissues of the liver, kidney and femoral artery were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining after test. Results All the bleeding amounts of group Al and A2 were (1. 02 ± 0. 10) g and (1. 03 ± 0. 09) g, and the bleeding time periods of group Al and A2 were (92. 6 ± 5. 16) s and (95. 6 ± 5. 31) s, respectively (P>0. 05). All the bleeding amounts of group Bl and B2 were (0. 92 ± 0. 09) g and (0. 94 ± 0. 08) g, and the bleeding time periods of group Bl and B2 were (87. 5 ± 7. 48) s and (88. 8 ± 6. 54) s, respectively (P>0. 05). All the hemostatic efforts failed in group C. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed accumulation of red blood cells at the incision and in surrounding tissues of the liver and kidney in group A and group B, without evidence of burn. Conclusion ACMHS has the same hemostatic function as Arista™ in parenchymatous organ injury, but it is not suitable for bleeding of femoral artery injury with high pressure.

Identification and bioactivities analysis of Halomonas sp. from seawater / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To determine the 16S rDNA sequences of 36 strains of Halomonas sp. Isolated from the seawater of the East China Sea and to study their bioactivities. Methods: The 16S rDNA sequences of all isolated strains were amplified by PCR, and the obtained sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using MEGA4.1 and multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X1. 8 software. MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxic activities of their fermentation broth; ABTS and DPPH antioxidant models were applied to test the antioxidation activities of their fermentation broth. The HLE inhibition activities of the fermentation broth were tested by a stable HLE in hibitor screening model. Results: Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the 36 strains had a high affinity (96%-99%) to the Halomonas sp. Fermentation broth of the 36 strains showed different degrees of cytotoxic activities, antioxidation activities, and HLE inhibition activities. Eleven strains inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, with the inhibition rate ranging (4.40±1.2)%to(24.90±3.5) %; 20 strains inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells, with the inhibition rate ranging (1.70±1.1)% to (50.90±4.2) %; 7 strains showed ABTS radical scavenging capacity, with the scavenging rate ranging (4.49±2.1) % to (58.43±4.4) %; 3 strains showed DPPH radical scavenging capacity, with the scavenging rate ranging (5.68±3.7) % to (59.06±3.2) %, and 3 strains showed HLE inhibition activities, with the inhibition rate ranging (12.71±1.81)% to (71.19±5.62) %. Conclusion: All the 36 Halomonassp. Strains show different degrees of cytotoxic effects, antioxidation activities, and HLE inhibition capacities. Several strains with high activities possess the potential for medicinal application.

Treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head by impacting granular bone grafting via window in femoral neck / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results of continuing skeletal traction and impaction granular bone grafting via window in femoral neck for the treatment of avascular necrosis of femoral head.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2000 to October 2004, 23 patients (35 hips) with femoral head necrosis were treated by continuing skeletal traction and impacting granular bone grafting via bone window on femoral neck. There were 18 males, 5 females, with an average age of 32 years ranging from 19 to 52 years, which included 7 hips of stage II, 28 hips of stage III. All patients had various degrees of hip joint pain and suffered from limited hip motion. The necrotic bone, granulation tissue and hardening zone were completely cleaned via bone window on the femoral neck. The autogenous granular iliac bone was grafted, and impacted persistently. Skeletal traction through femur condyles was applied continually after the operations. The effects before and after operation were compared by the hip pain, function, joint activity and X-ray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Regular follow-up was carried out after the patients were dismissed from the hospital. The follow-up period was 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years respectively. According to Wang's standard, the average score was increased from (52.66 +/- 12.53) preoperatively to (88.94 +/- 5.84) preoperatively at half a year, (89.78 +/- 6.18) at 1 year, (86.37 +/- 7.46) at 2 years, (84.08 +/- 7.57) at 3 years, (83.76 +/- 8.08) at 4 years, and (76.83 +/- 8.98) at 5 years. Scores of operation were greatly increased and the difference had statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Continuing skeletal traction after the operation, completely cleaning the necrotic bone and impacting granular bone grafting via window on femoral neck can greatly raise the satisfactory rate of clinical effect and delay the progression of disease for avascular necrosis of femoral head.</p>

Typing of 24 mtDNA SNPs in a Chinese Population Using SNaPshot Minisequencing / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Three SNaPshot multiplex assays were developed to test 23 coding region single nucleo-tide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one control region SNP outside hypervariable regions (HVR) Ⅰ and Ⅱ, which was aimed at increasing the discrimination power of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing in forensic casework, and confirming haplogroup assignments of mtDNA profiles in both hu-man population studies and medical research. The selected SNPs targeted the East Asian phylogeny. These multiplex assays were validated by comparing with the sequencing analysis of samples chosen randomly. The mtDNA variations of 100 unrelated individuals from the Wuhan population in China were examined and classified into 3 i haplotypes, and the haplotype diversity was estimated to be 0.952. The multiplex SNaPshot method is rapid and robust, and suitable for large-scale screening studies of mtDNA variability.

Anterior release combined with posterior correction for the treatment of severe scoliosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical results of anterior spinal release combined with posterior correction for the treatment of severe scoliosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three patients of severe scoliosis were retrospectively analyzed from July 2000 to January 2007. There were 12 males and 11 females with an average age of 15.3 years (ranging from 9 to 18 years). Including 9 congenital scoliosis, 13 idiopethic scoliosis and 1 neurofibromatosis scoliosis. The pre-operative coronal Cobb angles of scoliosis were from 810 to 1260 with the mean of 97.4 degrees.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The post-operative coronal Cobb angles was for 100-450 (37.4 degrees on average). All patients were followed up for 6-24 months (means 10 months). Two cases occurrenced addition phenomemon in junctional zone. There were no hook displacement and rod breaking at follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anterior relaxation and posterior correction is a safe and effective treatment. It can achieve well clinical results for the treatment of severe scoliosis.</p>

Effect of Jisuikang () on kinetic dysfunction in patients after spinal injury / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Jisuikang (, JSK) on kinetic dysfunction in patients after spinal injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-four patients with spinal injury were assigned equally, according to a randomizing digital table to the treated group and the control group. Conventional treatment was given to both groups, and JSK was additionally given to the treated group. Changes of various kinetic function concerning parameters including kinetic score, grades of spinal injury, effectiveness of the treatment and available recovery rate in patients allocated in the treated group and the control group were observed and compared in the way issued by Association of Spinal Injury of America (ASIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Better effects were shown in the treated group than those in the control group in improving kinetic score (92.00+/-9.95 scores vs 83.76+/-24.12 scores), ASIA overall improvement rate (69.05% vs 45.24%) and grades of effectiveness (P<0.05). However, the difference of available recovery rate between the two groups was insignificant (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JSK could prevent secondary alteration of spinal injury, promote the recovery and regeneration of nerve tissues, but could not restore the function of a necrotic spine.</p>